Carroll College: Clicker Questions and Chapter Zero for Active Calculus

One of the most enjoyable aspects of this free and open textbook project has been all of the new friends I’ve made in the mathematics community.  I just got to see several of them in Portland at Mathfest, including Eric Sullivan of Carroll College in Helena, MT.

As we caught up in person, Eric shared some exciting updates from his department.  In addition to choosing to adopt Active Calculus as their calculus textbook at Carroll, they have developed several additions:  a 6-section “Chapter 0” that provides a review of key precalculus topics, several new sections on differential equations for use in their modeling course (in Chapter 7), and a concluding section (for Chapter 8) on the “Functional DNA” perspective on Taylor series that was coined by Travis Kowalski. (By the way, you can read Travis’s outstanding article in PRIMUS, a college math teaching journal for which I am associate editor.)

Besides these fine additions to the actual text itself, Eric and his colleagues have incorporated a full set of clicker questions along with the activities workbook, building a version of the activities workbook that has the clicker questions included in print.  These clicker questions were originally developed as part of two NSF-funded projects at Carroll (MathQuest and MathVote), which you can investigate further at http://mathquest.carroll.edu/.

In the not distant future I expect to have these additional resources posted in some form on the Active Calculus site I maintain; for now you can see them for yourself at the Carroll math department’s home page for the free texts they are using.  Be sure to check out the links to the first two .pdf files there, which are the expanded version of the text and the activities workbook with clicker questions, respectively.

When I started this project (initial planning in fall 2010), I had a fuzzy vision for the possibility of something like this:  building not just a free text, but one that others could take and modify/adjust/adapt to better serve their local purposed.  I’m grateful to Eric and his colleagues (Kelly Cline, Phil Rose, John Scharf, & Ted Wendt) for their work and contributions here, resulting in this fine example of how a department can customize the text.

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Updated version: Active Calculus 2014

Recently I shared news that I’ve been working on a print-on-demand version of the text.  Lon Miller of Orthogonal Publishing and I are in the final stages of that project, and expect by the end of the week of August 11 to be able share the link to order a copy and information about cost.  For now, I’m pleased to share information about the updated e-version and the new URL from which it can be downloaded.

The newest version has a cover image now (to accompany the full cover that will be part of print-on-demand), and I have also corrected all of the errors that were identified between January 1 and July 30.  As always, I welcome hearing from users directly who encounter mistakes in the text.

While you can still find information regarding the full book and the activities workbooks from my main page, it is now the case that the text itself is being hosted on GVSU’s ScholarWorks cite as part of their Open Education Materials; in particular, my web page will direct you to the book’s new home link at http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/books/10/.  My colleague Ted Sundstrom’s Mathematical Reasoning textbook has been hosted by ScholarWorks for more than a year now, and I’m delighted to join him there.

More to follow soon once the print-on-demand option is live.

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Coming soon: print-on-demand and AC3

Two updates for the near and not-so-near future:

– This summer, I’m working to establish a print-on-demand option for bound copies; I expect this to be available no later than early August, and will post here about the option once it’s available.  For the full 8 chapters printed and bound, the end cost to the user is projected to be around $15.  When the print-on-demand option becomes available, a newly-updated version of the text will be posted as well that reflects some recent minor edits.

– My GVSU colleague Steve Schlicker has begun developing a multivariable version of Active Calculus for use in the third semester of the calculus sequence.  David Austin and I are working on it with him, and we aspire to have a version ready to post publicly by late in 2014 in time for use in the winter 2015.  Further updates will follow in this space.

Recently, I sent a short survey to every instructor who has ever emailed me to inquire about using Active Calculus. If you are someone who has used the text in some way to support your work in teaching calculus, I’d very much appreciate your response to the survey.

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Unglue.it

[Insert profuse apologies here regarding my limited posting over the past four months.]

It is finally warm outside after an unusually brutal Michigan winter; warm weather brings the promise of many things, and one of those is more time to write and catch up on some projects.  Some updates to Active Calculus and some responses to various AC-related emails have been too long deferred.  Ditto posting here.

I recently got a kind email from Eric Hellman of Unglue.it telling me that Active Calculus was their “Creative Commons ebook of the day“.  In his words about their project,

Unglue.it is a website dedicated to the development of sustainable funding and distribution models for Creative Commons licensed books. We are compiling a comprehensive catalog of CC licensed books while offering authors and publishers new ways to make ends meet. Last week, we launched “Thanks for Ungluing” which lets creators ask readers for support on our download pages.

In an article about the goals of unglue.it, TechCrunch explains that unglue.it is trying to build a model where authors get paid first, and then their work becomes free to use by the public.  It’s the sort of “now-that-you’ve-made-your-money, please-give-your-book-away” model that Robert Talbert once advocated for a famous calculus text.  This approach also has some of the interesting options that folks in the music industry have employed:  letting users choose how much they want to pay for a text, setting a floor to be reached before work becomes free, and allowing donations to still be made to authors whose work has become free.

Active Calculus will always be available in electronic form for free.  I’ve started to work towards setting up a print-on-demand option that will enable users to easily acquire a printed copy for a small price that is essentially the cost of production.  More on that in the near future — by early August, for sure.

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openmathbook.org

As an outgrowth of the previously-mentioned session at the Baltimore Joint Meetings on open textbooks, Albert Schueller has started a new blog, Open Mathbook, to offer “a place to promote, discuss, and develop free and open source mathematics texts.”  There’s already a bunch of great posts there, including a trove of interesting developments from a range of people deeply involved with the free and open math text movement.

Ironically, while I haven’t had time to post here recently, I was honored to have Albert ask me for a contribution, and I have a new post over at OpenMathBook, based on the talk I gave at the JMM.

Soon I’ll follow up here with some exciting news we have regarding plans for a multivariable addition to Active Calculus.

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Joint Meetings 2014: free and open textbooks session

While it was certainly a good conference overall this year, last Friday at the Joint Meetings in Baltimore was particularly fantastic.  From 8-11 and 3-5, we had about 15 different presenters share interesting and exciting work and opportunities in the world of free and open-source mathematics texts.  Here are a few highlights:

Richard Hammack of Virginia Commonwealth University gave a nice presentation on how to set up on-demand publishing.  I like Richard’s model:  give the text away for free in .pdf format, and establish a print-on-demand setup where folks can buy the book for an incredibly reasonable price (for his Book of Proof for a transitions course, a nearly 300-page book in softcover for under $15, with a modest profit to the author as well).  His book looks beautiful, too.  This spring, I plan to get Active Calculus set up for print-on-demand so that students can order a bound copy, if desired.  The .pdf (and other eventual formats — see the part on David Farmer below) will always be free.

Nicole Allen of SPARC, the Scholarly Publication and Academic Resources Coalition, provided an overview of the free and open textbook movement.  Nicole began her interest in and advocacy for free and open textbooks as an undergraduate student, and now she’s working professionally for this cause.  Among the many interesting things she shared in her presentation to us:  the US textbook publishing business is an $8.8 billion dollar per year industry — nearly comparable to the NFL, which apparently reports in at approximately $10B per year.  Think about it.

– David Farmer of the American Institute of Mathematics gave us a peek at the amazing work he and others (including Rob Beezer and Tom Judson) are doing to enable authors to have their work translated to multiple electronic platforms (including ones that haven’t been invented yet).  For some samples, see http://aimath.org/jmm/, which shows how several different papers written in standard LaTeX code can be turned into gorgeous, easy to browse web pages.  As I understand it, the basic idea is that Rob Beezer and others have created an XML to TeX translator, while David is working on one that translates TeX to XML.  And if you have “good” LaTeX code, one of these brilliant programmer can run your TeX through their machine and produce other formats with nearly no additional effort.  Be sure to take some time to browse the link above, and be certain to click on a few of the links within each web page that appear.

Suffice it to say: I wish that I had seen David’s talk 24 months ago before I started my project.  But I’m optimistic that with a little bit of time and care on my (already decent) LaTeX code, I can eventually have my book translated into not just this great web page format, but also into forms suitable for eReaders and more.

There was, of course, more good publicity for AIM’s open textbook project.  Mostly, it was fun to be in the room with a bunch of creative, interesting, relatively like minded people who were all excited about developing free and open-source texts to make the mathematics learning community a better place.  I got some great ideas and made some new friends … which is exactly what a good conference is for.

I should have at least one more post upcoming soon on some cool people I met and resources that they are developing, particularly a couple of items related directly to calculus.

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Active Calculus v.12.30.13 – updates

This fall I was glad to have a much larger number of beta testers using Active Calculus; about 10 of my GVSU colleagues used it for either our calculus I or calculus II, and at least that many other people at other institutions employed the text in some fashion.  Several of these 20+ people provided regular and consistent editorial feedback, and I’ve just recently had the time to implement their corrections and suggestions.  My deep and sincere thanks to them for every single one of their emails.

The newly updated files are now available from my download page; as always, any person interested in the original source files may request them from me directly, and I will share them via Dropbox.

As has been noted previously at this site, thanks to my colleagues Robert Talbert and Marcia Frobish there is now a full set of screencasts to go with the first four chapters of the text: see the GVSU Math 201 YouTube Channel.  My students in the fall semester of 2013 raved about the helpfulness of these videos.

I also now have full sets of .def files for WeBWorK exercises for the text, available upon request.

As winter semester begins soon, I wish everyone well in preparing for and starting their classes, especially those in calculus.  If you choose to use AC, I welcome hearing from you at anytime with corrections, suggestions, questions, or reactions.

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Three months later, …

My last post was September 4, 2013.  Oops.

In the first week of October, I got a new (additional) job at GVSU:  director of faculty advisors for freshman orientation.  Given that we welcome over 4000 new first-year students each summer, for the past two+ months I’ve had considerable work to do in learning my new job and planning for summer 2014.  With that added to my normal workload, a few things had to be put off.  Blogging and tweeting got set aside.

With apologies for being gone, I’m glad to be back.  Here’s an overview of some upcoming posts that I’m working on:

  • updates to the text:  during the fall semester, I got a bunch of great feedback from colleagues near and far who were using the text, plus from my own students.  I carefully collected all of that, and over the next couple of days, I will be implementing the needed corrections and changes.  New versions of the .pdf files will post on the text’s download page no later than December 30, 2013.
  • reflections on fall 2013:  this past term was the first time I’d gotten to use the text myself, and I’m keen to share my and my students’ reactions.  Plus I still owe the post “part 3 of 3”, tied to how my fall 2013 differential calculus class looks (looked!).
  • talk at the Joint Meetings:  there’s an exciting paper session at the Joint Math Meetings in Baltimore in early January that is devoted to free and open texts.  I’m giving a talk there, so I’ll post a short preview of the talk, plus put in some publicity for others on the schedule.

Now, back to editing …

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How my calculus class looks this fall (part 2 of 3)

In an earlier post, I thought to make my teaching more public, and then subsequently shared some reflections on how my calculus I course looks overall.  In this post I’ll give an overview of how a typical week is structured, and in the near future reflect on how a prior class day.

As of Monday, September 9, my class will have met 6 times for 50 minutes, and, inside and outside of class, students will have worked through the vast majority of the ideas and activities in Sections 1.1-1.3 of Active Calculus.  That is, we’ll have discussed average and instantaneous velocity, the notion of limit, and the definition of the derivative at a point.  This is representative of my goal for the semester:  to proceed through Active Calculus at a pace of about two sections per week, or 1 section every two class meetings.  With four meetings a week for 14 weeks, that’s 56 meetings:  4 get given to exams, and I leave 2 relatively open and unplanned for flexibility, so that leaves us 50 meetings to consider the 25 sections in Chapters 1-4.

My class meets MWF in a “regular” classroom, and once more on Tuesdays in a dedicated computer lab.  The computer lab meetings are, on balance, devoted to self-directed computer-based explorations and activities that are designed to strengthen students’ understanding of calculus.  We’ll be using Geogebra as our principal software tool, including its marvelous spreadsheet view.

Here’s what I have planned for next week — week 3 of the semester, September 9-13, which looks pretty typical.  For Monday, students will prepare by reading the start of Section 1.4, completing the Preview Activity for that section, and watching some of the great screencasts being produced by Robert Talbert and Marcia Frobish.  They are directed and assessed in these tasks in the Daily Prep Assignment for Monday, 9/9.  Having started to encounter the derivative as function, in class we will have a short debriefing time, a bit of all-class discussion, and then devote the preponderance of class to Activity 1.10, an exercise on graphing the respective derivatives of various given functions.

On Tuesday, class will be primarily devoted to a graded computer lab activity that focuses on using the limit definition of the derivative to find a formula for f ‘(x) and using a graphical perspective to check the correctness of the resulting formula.  This work will parallel Activity 1.11 and essentially complete our study of Section 1.4.

Wednesday, we’ll transition to Section 1.5 where the focus is interpreting the derivative in applied contexts.  Similar to Monday, students will complete a daily prep assignment and come prepared to debrief and discuss ideas such as the units associated with the value of the derivative.  Our class meeting will involve debriefing on the daily prep, 25-30 minutes devoted to work in small groups on Activities 1.12 and 1.13, and then some closing all-class discussion of the activities.  So far, my students are doing a very good job of working actively in class and asking good questions.  We’ll look to continue that habit in all upcoming meetings, but particularly on days like this one where the majority of class time is devoted to work in small groups with support from me.

As the week rounds out on Friday, we’ll take some time at the start of class to consider* students’ questions on assigned homework (WeBWorK) exercises or problems of the week they are working on, do a short recap of what we’ve learned so far about the derivative function, and then spend the remainder of class on Activity 1.14, which regards a problem where you really, really have to think about the units on the derivative, since the independent variable itself is a rate of change.  Friday will be a rare MWF in that there’s not a daily prep assignment to complete.

While the material will change and there will be some adjustments to the schedule around exams, Week 3 is representative of life in my calculus class this semester.  In the near future, rather than looking forward to a particular week of class, I’ll look back and reflect on a recent class meeting.

* One note about how I manage student questions on homework:  I typically only spend about 15 minutes of class time each week discussing homework exercises, and students have to make their requests in advance of class via email in response to a message I send them.  I’ve done this for the past 7 or 8 years now, and it has greatly improved my efficiency in use of class time.  (A) Students have to let me know in advance, so they ask more focused and meaningful questions; (B) I know when I enter the room what the main homework questions are, and I can respond to them more democratically — homework discussion is based on a range of voices, not just whomever is most vocal in class; (C) I’m much more efficient in how I allocate class time to the questions of students.  In particular, I’ve found that I can write all the problem statements down in advance, possibly along with a couple hints or key points, and then use the document camera in the classroom to display the problems on the board.  In 15 minutes, we can consider 5 or 6 problems; previously, where I’d take questions on the fly, I’d be lucky to consider 3 questions in 15 minutes.

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How my calculus class looks this fall (part 1 of 3)

[update: I moved some Dropbox files around and the original links were broken.  I updated these on 8.11.14.]

Well, it looks full.  31 students, 1 over the cap of 30, filling essentially all the seats in our regular classroom, and all but one of them in our computer lab.  Bless the good folks who designed our building with small classrooms and computer labs that only seat 32.  We are running at capacity here at GV … which of course is a nice problem to have.

And from my view of the room, things look great.  I’ve got 31 pleasant students who seem eager to learn and ready to contribute.  Which is a good thing, since I’ve got plenty for them to learn and contribute to.  Here’s a bit about how my course is set up.

First, my goals:  well, you can read them in my syllabus, and as I regularly say out loud to my students, “I want you to be successful.”  I imagine that an average student equates “successful” with “an A in calculus.”  I’m always careful to say that what I mean by “successful” is that you “develop deep personal understanding of calculus that you can demonstrate.”  In my book, good grades are a consequence of success, not the definition thereof.  I want what we study to make sense to my students … if that happens, lots of other good things will follow.

And while I certainly want my students to develop competence in calculus I that will serve them well in other courses that use these ideas, particularly calculus II, I definitely want much more:  for my students to become more liberally educated, to become much better independent learners and problem-solvers, to considerably strengthen their communication skills, and to have a reasonably big-picture understanding of what calculus is about.

Now, to achieve those goals, some hard work is in order.  By me and my students alike.  Here’s an overview of the activities and assessments my students will encounter.  Like the title of the book, Active Calculus, every part of the course expects students to be active learners.  Active when we meet in class, active when working on their own outside of class, and doing some active collaboration with peers in each setting.

For most days that we meet, students complete a “Daily Preparatory Assignment”, which includes an overview of what to expect in the upcoming meeting, some basic and advanced learning outcomes, resources to learn from independently (reading the text and watching some videos), and finally some questions to answer.  Here’s a recent example.  While I had almost always used reading assignments as a requirement for doing some active learning prior to class, my move to “daily prep” is modeled on my colleague Robert Talbert’s use of “guided practice assignments.”  Daily prep assignments count 6% of my students’ semester grade.  In many ways, these are daily accountability assignments, work that students should do regardless, and work that enables them to come to class well prepared and ready to engage actively in our work.

We are also using WeBWorK for some of the more routine exercises in the course.  At GV, we now have a dedicated WeBWorK server that can handle all 5000 of the students we have in our courses in fall semester.  I choose to typically assign two WeBWorK sets per week, each with about 10 problems, and to have the students keep a parallel “homework journal” in order that they have a written record of their work.  If you’re interested, you can read my WeBWorK document.  WeBWorK and the journal count 12% of the overall grade.

Students will also undertake a “problem of the week” project that asks them to choose 10 challenging exercises from the text, a subset of a list that I identify.  They have some flexibility on submitting drafts and collaborating with peers.  To avoid information overload, I think I’ll save the description of that for a later post.  This major project counts 18% of the semester grade, and some additional work on labs and in-class activities will account for 8%.  That leaves 36% for four one-hour exams, and 20% for the comprehensive final at the end of the term.

So that should give you some sense of what I’m asking my students to do this semester.  Again, the big goal:  to develop deep personal understanding of calculus, and be able to demonstrate this to others.

In closing, some demographics:  of my 31 students,

– they are majoring in at least 7 different fields, including cell & molecular biology, chemistry, computer science, engineering, geology, international relations, and mathematics.  About half the class consists of engineering or CS majors (8 of each);

– just 6 are first-year students, while the vast majority are sophomores, with a smattering of juniors and seniors;

– all but one of them owns a laptop.

That last fact is making me start to rethink the notion of a weekly “computer lab” — which we have, but for which the separate room and day/time is always something of an planning challenge.  More on that later, too.

It’s been a great first week.  Looking forward to 13 more.  Up next: related posts on what a typical week looks like, and reflections on a single particular class meeting.

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